When thinking about requirements for personal protective equipment in electrical work, it is necessary to look at, and be familiar with, multiple standards, since work may fall under the construction standard (OSHA 1926), the general industry standard (OSHA 1910) or both. 

These requirements are found in 1926 subparts E and V, as well as 1910.269 and 1910.137. A brief description follows. The standards cover the issue from the initial manufacturing process to testing and all the way to when the equipment goes to the field. These rules give employers guidance in providing the appropriate protective gear to workers who may be exposed to electrical hazards. 

The rules are designed to ensure that electrical protective equipment is properly selected, maintained and used to protect workers. The regulations detail specifications, training and maintenance protocols. 

The standards require employers to ensure electrical PPE is:

• Properly selected: Employers must select electrical PPE based on the specific electrical hazards present at the workplace, taking into consideration the nature of the work and the voltage levels. 
  
• Maintained and inspected: Regular inspections and maintenance are crucial to ensure that electrical PPE remains functional and effective in minimizing contact risks. The equipment must be maintained in a clean and serviceable condition.
  
• Properly tested: The standards require insulating equipment to be tested at regular intervals, typically according to industry standards and regulations. The testing ensures that the materials used for electrical protection are functioning as intended and not compromised by wear, tear or age. OSHA mandates periodic testing to ensure their reliability. Rubber insulating equipment should be tested at least every six months for dielectric integrity. These tests are typically performed by specialized service providers with equipment capable of conducting high-voltage tests to ensure the rubber material can handle exposure to electrical currents. From an internal perspective, it is important for the employer to maintain records of these tests, which documents compliance and triggers when retesting is required. 

Employers must also ensure maintenance procedures happen, including keeping equipment free from dirt, oil and other contaminants that could affect insulating properties. Rubber insulating gloves should be properly stored by avoiding excessive heat or exposure to sunlight, which can degrade the material.

Types of equipment covered

• Rubber insulating gloves and sleeves: OSHA mandates that rubber insulating gloves and sleeves meet specific standards, such as ASTM D120 (for gloves) and ASTM F496 (for sleeves), and be regularly tested for their dielectric properties. Gloves must also be inspected before each use, and any damaged or worn gloves must be replaced.
  
• Protective mats: Insulating mats are used to protect workers from electrical shock when standing on conductive surfaces near energized electrical systems. The mats must comply with specific standards for their dielectric strength and wear resistance.
  
• Arc flash protection: The rules require using arc flash protection gear, including face shields, hoods and flame-resistant clothing, to protect workers from the hazardous effects of arc flashes, which include intense heat, flying molten metal and pressure waves.
  
• Electrical safety footwear: Insulating footwear is used to protect workers from hazards, particularly when working near energized electrical parts. These shoes and boots must meet the electrical resistance standards to reduce the risk of electrical shock.

Employers must ensure that workers are properly trained in the use of electrical PPE. The training should cover how to properly wear, maintain and inspect the equipment, as well as when and why specific equipment is needed for particular tasks. Employers must maintain records of inspections, testing and training.

All too often, the aspect of properly wearing PPE, particularly FR clothing, is not emphasized or enforced consistently. While it may not be comfortable or fashionable to keep your shirt buttoned all the way up and your sleeves rolled down, it is essential for maximum protection.

Specific details of each standard can be found in the pertinent OSHA regulation at www.osha.gov/laws-regs. 

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