For many of us, these are technologically challenging times. Just when I think I have mastered the latest smartphone, it changes. Prepare yourself, because, just like mobile devices, the codes and standards are morphing in ways you might not expect.


We have seen evolutions in code and standard installation requirements due to fire experience and technology. Today, the processes surrounding code application have changed. New requirements have little to do with the equipment contractors install.


For example, NFPA 72 2016, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, has expanded the requirements for risk analysis when determining the type of mass notification system (MNS) a customer needs. It also has expanded the messages that must be included to meet those needs. In addition, the code requires the risk-analysis approach when evaluating a public address system for use as an MNS.


The move to risk-informed decision making as part of the design process continues. In addition to MNS requirements, the risk-analysis requirements apply to the healthcare codes. Nonfire systems in government and healthcare segments already use a risk-based approach to inspection, testing and maintenance. The creation of the 2015 edition of NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code, presents the concept of risk-based codes, which shifts more responsibility to the stakeholders than in a prescriptive code. Risk categories have replaced occupancy designations. Collaboration between owners, users, designers, safety consultants, builders and authorities having jurisdiction becomes essential in risk assessment for the procedures, care or treatments that will occur in the building.


Already emerging are examples of airports using the risk-analysis process to evaluate the opportunity to use their site-wide paging system as the notification component for the fire alarm and MNSs.


“Airports are also evaluating new concepts for occupant notification, both for normal circulation and exiting for use in emergency events. Interest in dynamic signage systems to improve occupant flow has increased, along with other technologies such as cell phone applications that enable exiting assistance and provide instant alerts during emergency events,” according to “Trends in Fire Protection and Life Safety for the Global Built Environment,” a recent white paper from Baltimore-based Jensen Hughes fire protection consulting firm. 


According to the paper, the airline industry is focusing on developing successful Operational Readiness and Airport Transfer (ORAT) programs for commissioning all of a new airport’s systems, including life safety systems. Given the recent development of NFPA 3, Recommended Practice for Commissioning of Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems, there is an opportunity to include NFPA 3 recommended practices into the ORAT process.


The NFPA has established a technical committee to develop NFPA 1616, Mass Evacuation and Sheltering. This committee is reviewing electronic internet-­protocol-based systems that can track evacuee status, provide check-in systems at shelters and fulfill other related searchable system functions. These systems would relay information on the health and welfare of evacuees. 


The technical committee also is looking to accommodate the evacuation of patients with mobility, hearing or visual impairments, as it pertains to access and functional needs, as well as service animals and household pets.


Of course, we continue to discuss the Internet of Things (IoT) and its effect on our industry by bringing fire protection to the virtual, wireless world. It has become obvious that network security is paramount. Fire protection system design will need to include the understanding of how the systems interface with the network. Those responsible for network security, usually the user’s information technology (IT) department, will need to become key partners in the implementation. Contractors will need to know these IT professionals and include them in discussions regarding fire alarm and MNS installations.


Of course, the IoT consists of sensors and controls to enable equipment monitoring for use and operational reliability. For example, I have smartphone apps to arm and disarm my own security system, monitor its status and control my garage door opener.


In the commercial market, large process-driven equipment operates in a similar fashion. Not all of these functions will interface with or be controlled by the fire alarm system and its network. However, the network will ease connection to other nonfire sensors and control devices, so it makes sense for a contractor to understand how to interface with the IoT-driven technology.


As the codes and standards evolve, we will see continued movement toward accepting IoT technology. Are you ready for the challenge?