Michael Johnston

The National Electrical Code Section 700.10(A) requires all boxes and enclosures­—including transfer switches, generators and power panels that are part of an emergency system—to be marked so they are readily identifiable as...

The National Electrical Code has several requirements applicable to emergency systems, legally required standby systems, essential electrical systems and optional standby systems. From a basic performance standpoint, the...

People are fallible and human error often causes accidents, so assessing worker performance is an important part of maintaining a safe work environment. Incidents can be avoided by understanding what contributes to human...

In 1996, when the National Electrical Contractors Association was developing National Electrical Installation Standards (NEIS) for the electrical construction industry, the initial effort included the development of NECA 1...

Recently, I was asked to explain the reason for the ferrous metal raceway bonding requirements in 250.64(E). Although the National Electrical Code never uses the term “choke effect,” many in the business understand its...

To understand the purpose of ground-detection equipment installed for ungrounded systems, it is best to have a fundamental understanding of ungrounded system performance and the rules that apply to them. Section 250.4(B)...

COVID-19 continues to test safety and health management systems on every level. While many organizations scrambled to develop or shore up their safety practices to deal with the pandemic, others saw it as business as usual...

Communications systems and equipment installed in buildings must comply with the specific rules provided in Article 770 and Chapter 8 of the National Electrical Code (NEC) . Even though these systems typically operate at...

The grounded conductor at the service provides two essential functions for the premises wiring system. The first is to serve as a current-carrying conductor for the load supplied. Second, it functions as the intentionally...

Since the first issue of Safety Leader in February, the world has become a different place. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted everyday life and taken many lives. In the future, the way the electrical and construction...

Requirements that help remove hazards The National Electrical Code includes more than 60 requirements to install a disconnecting means within sight from equipment. These requirements are safety-driven and ensure that workers...